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[ Action Words: strong verbs for Writing & Speaking ]

To score well in the TOEFL, replace weak all-purpose verbs like do, make or get with precise active verbs. This list gathers 150+ English action words by theme – useful for TOEFL Writing and Speaking, and just as handy for emails, presentations and your English CV.

How to use the list

From weak to strong

Strong verbs make your sentences more concrete and more convincing in the TOEFL. Take a colourless verb and swap it for a fitting action word – ideally the way it appears in your real context (studies, work, a project).

Instead of “I did a presentation”

I delivered a presentation.

Instead of “I made a plan”

I developed a plan.

Instead of “I helped the team”

I coached the team.

Tip: the verbs here are in the simple past (e.g. developed). For speaking or present statements, the base form often fits (develop, manage, design). Make sure the verb really matches your action – a precise word beats a “big” one.

Word list

Action words by theme

Clerical & Detail Work

ApprovedArrangedCataloguedClassifiedCollectedCompiledDispatchedExecutedGeneratedImplementedInspectedMonitoredOperatedOrganizedPreparedProcessedPurchasedRecordedRetrievedScreenedSpecifiedSystematizedTabulatedValidated

Communication

AddressedArbitratedArrangedAuthoredCorrespondedDirectedDraftedEditedEnlistedFormulatedInfluencedInterpretedLecturedModeratedMotivatedNegotiatedPersuadedPresentedPromotedPublicizedRecruitedTranslatedWrote

Creative

ActedConcentratedCreatedDesignedDevelopedDirectedEstablishedFashionedFoundedIllustratedInstitutedIntegratedIntroducedInventedOriginatedPerformedPlannedRevitalizedShaped

Financial

AdministeredAllocatedAnalyzedAppraisedAuditedBalancedCalculatedComputedDevelopedForecastManagedMarketedPlannedProjectedResearched

Helping

AssessedAssistedClarifiedCoachedCounseledDemonstratedDiagnosedEducatedExpeditedFacilitatedFamiliarizedGuidedReferredRehabilitatedRepresented

Management

AdministeredAnalyzedAssignedAttainedChairedConsolidatedContractedCoordinatedDelegatedDevelopedDirectedEnhancedEvaluatedExecutedImprovedIncreasedOrganizedOversawPlannedPrioritizedProducedRecommendedReviewedScheduledStrengthenedSupervised

Research

ClarifiedCollectedCritiquedDeterminedDiagnosedEvaluatedExaminedExtractedInspectedInterpretedInterviewedInvestigatedOrganizedReviewedSummarizedSurveyedSystematized

Teaching

AdaptedAdvisedClarifiedCoachedCommunicatedCoordinatedDevelopedEnabledEncouragedEvaluatedExplainedFacilitatedGuidedInformedInitiatedInstructedPersuadedStimulated

Technical

AssembledBuiltCalculatedComputedDesignedDevisedEngineeredFabricatedMaintainedOperatedOverhauledProgrammedRemodeledRepairedSolvedTrainedUpgraded

Some verbs fit several fields (e.g. organized, developed) – that is normal. What matters is that the verb describes your action precisely.

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Rosanna Bull

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